Scientific Journal
Volume 22 (2025)
Volume 21 (2024)
Volume 20 (2023)
Volume 19 (2022)
Volume 18 (2021)
Volume 17 (2020)
Volume 16 (2019)
Volume 15 (2018)
Volume 14 (2017)
Volume 13 (2016)
Volume 12 (2015)
Volume 11 (2014)
Volume 10 (2013)
Volume 9 (2012)
Volume 8 (2011)
Volume 7 (2010)
Volume 6 (2009)
Volume 5 (2008)
Volume 4 (2007)
Volume 2 (2006)
Volume 3 (2005)
Volume 1 (2004)

Challenges of Institutionalizing Restorative Processes for Juvenile Delinquency: A Comparative Study of England and Australia
Challenges of Institutionalizing Restorative Processes for Juvenile Delinquency: A Comparative Study of England and Australia

Fatemeh Tolouee; azade sadeghi

Volume 21, Issue 28 , December 2024, , Pages 205-240

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.6339.2026

Abstract
  The institutionalization of restorative processes for juvenile delinquency, given the importance of reducing recidivism rates among these individuals, has been widely embraced by policymakers ...  Read More
Rethinking (Reassessment) the Condition of Equality of Religion in Retaliation
in the Light of Jurisprudential Opinions
Rethinking (Reassessment) the Condition of Equality of Religion in Retaliation in the Light of Jurisprudential Opinions

Seyyed Mostafa Mohaghegh Damad; Seyyed Mohsen Moosavifar; Kazem Khosravi

Volume 17, Issue 19 , January 2020, , Pages 209-228

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2020.184.1027

Abstract
  P roof of retaliation (qi.sas) in premeditated murder requires conditions, one of which is the equivalence of the perpetrator and the victim in “religion”. This ...  Read More
Legal System of the Caspian Sea
under the Treaties of 1921 and 1940
between Iran and Russia
Legal System of the Caspian Sea under the Treaties of 1921 and 1940 between Iran and Russia

ahmad raza tuhidi

Volume 1, Issue 15 , October 2005, , Pages 211-252

Abstract
  A legal system from which the Caspian Sea and its sources should follow, is a matter of substantial importance from economical, political, geopolitical and energy security point of ...  Read More
The Criminology Approach to Online Threats to Girls
The Criminology Approach to Online Threats to Girls

Sadeq Sadeqi; Mustafa Foroutan; Shahram Ebrahimi

Volume 17, Issue 20 , July 2020, , Pages 215-234

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2021.1601.1261

Abstract
  Threats to the girls in the real space (physical space) or cyberspace from the view of the cognitive science (meaning the process of the inner of the mind) which embodies the far more ...  Read More
Loss of Self-Control Defense; the Legal Evolution of Killing Deriving from the Extreme Provocation of Emotions
Loss of Self-Control Defense; the Legal Evolution of Killing Deriving from the Extreme Provocation of Emotions

Jamshid Gholamloo; Sepideh Mirmajidi

Volume 18, Issue 22 , July 2022, , Pages 219-254

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2022.4160.1666

Abstract
  Loss of self-control defense is a new and special defense for perpetrators who have lost their self-control as the result of the victim’s provocative conduct and consequently ...  Read More
A Comparative Study of Aggravating Punishment Factors in Sexual Offences Against Juvenile and Adolescents in the Criminal Law of Iran, France and Canada
A Comparative Study of Aggravating Punishment Factors in Sexual Offences Against Juvenile and Adolescents in the Criminal Law of Iran, France and Canada

Seyyed Hesam SEYYED ESFAHANI

Volume 20, Issue 25 , July 2023, , Pages 223-264

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2023.5396.1883

Abstract
  Most legal systems in the light of international instruments, especially the International Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) adopt a protective approach in their criminal ...  Read More
Myanmar Status in the Light of the Objective Territorial Principle and Jurisdiction over Crimes of Nationals of Non-ICC Member States
Myanmar Status in the Light of the Objective Territorial Principle and Jurisdiction over Crimes of Nationals of Non-ICC Member States

Javad Salehi

Volume 18, Issue 21 , June 2021, , Pages 225-246

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2021.1700.1279

Abstract
  The deportation of citizens of Myanmar to the neighboring country Bangladesh is under Crimes against humanity that the International Criminal Court (ICC) has jurisdiction over it if ...  Read More
Critical Evaluation of the Documents of the Death Sentence in Adultery with the Spouse of the Father (Paragraph (b) of Article 224 of
the Islamic Penal Code of 1392 (2013)
Critical Evaluation of the Documents of the Death Sentence in Adultery with the Spouse of the Father (Paragraph (b) of Article 224 of the Islamic Penal Code of 1392 (2013)

H. Moazzeni Bistagani; Muhammad Reza Kaykha

Volume 17, Issue 19 , January 2020, , Pages 229-248

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2020.610.1109

Abstract
  A ccording to paragraph (b) of Article 422 of the Islamic Penal Code, “adultery (Zinā, unlawful sexual intercourse) with the spouse of the father” results in ...  Read More
Punishment for Murder in the Unchaste Repeat Crimes with Emphasizing on Takmelat al-Minhaj (تکملة المنهاج)
Punishment for Murder in the Unchaste Repeat Crimes with Emphasizing on Takmelat al-Minhaj (تکملة المنهاج)

Somayeh Safaei Bazarjomeh

Volume 17, Issue 20 , July 2020, , Pages 235-254

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2021.703.1119

Abstract
  The well-known Islamic jurists with adducing to the authentic hadith narrated by abu Basir (Arabic: أبوبصیر‎) have decided murder for the perpetrator of the unchaste hadd ...  Read More
A Comparative Study of Responsibility Distribution in
A Comparative Study of Responsibility Distribution in "Participation in Crime" and the "Theory of Symmetrical Interaction"

Mahdieh Maali; abolfazl alishahi

Volume 21, Issue 28 , December 2024, , Pages 241-266

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.6109.2001

Abstract
  In some instances of involvement in a crime, the victim themselves also plays a role in the occurrence of the crime, such that they are both a perpetrator and a victim. This situation, ...  Read More
An Introduction to the Criminalization of the Financing of Terrorism, Nature and the Ways of the Commitment
An Introduction to the Criminalization of the Financing of Terrorism, Nature and the Ways of the Commitment

Morteza Arefi

Volume 18, Issue 21 , June 2021, , Pages 247-274

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2021.3331.1526

Abstract
  Combating the terrorism and its different forms requires a comprehensive and consistent criminal policy that a part of it carries out in the area of countering the financing of terrorism. ...  Read More
Analysis of the Legislator’s Criminal Policy
in (the Appended) Article 45 of the Addendum to the Anti-Narcotics (Narcoterrorism) Law
Analysis of the Legislator’s Criminal Policy in (the Appended) Article 45 of the Addendum to the Anti-Narcotics (Narcoterrorism) Law
Volume 17, Issue 19 , January 2020, , Pages 249-272

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2020.737.1125

Abstract
  F rom the very beginning, in the Iranian penal system, a single criminal policy has not been adopted in the field of anti-narcotics (Narcoterrorism, combating drug) crimes ...  Read More
Movement of Returning to Punishment
in Criminal Policy of Western Countries:
Reasons and Manifestations
Movement of Returning to Punishment in Criminal Policy of Western Countries: Reasons and Manifestations

Hassan Kashefi Ismailzadeh

Volume 1, Issue 15 , October 2005, , Pages 253-294

Abstract
  Appearance and growth of repressive movements, after expiration of the interval between piteous and offender centred reactions in criminal policy of western countries, has induced the ...  Read More
The Analysis of the Multiple Crimes Committed by the Juveniles and Minors in Criminal Law of Iran
The Analysis of the Multiple Crimes Committed by the Juveniles and Minors in Criminal Law of Iran

Amin Fallah; Hasan Hajitabar Firouzjaei

Volume 17, Issue 20 , July 2020, , Pages 255-276

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2021.1799.1294

Abstract
  The Islamic penal code of Iran enacted 1392 has not predicated a particular ruling for the multiple crimes committed by juveniles and minors. This silence of the legislator makes disagreement ...  Read More
The Challenges of the Criminal Prosecution in the Light of the Conversions of the Legal Entities
The Challenges of the Criminal Prosecution in the Light of the Conversions of the Legal Entities

Sayed Sajjad Kazemi; hamed chegini

Volume 18, Issue 22 , July 2022, , Pages 255-284

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2021.2874.1453

Abstract
  It is possible that the legal entities which become dissolved before or during the process of the criminal procedure to be merged with other legal entities or converted into another ...  Read More
Delegating of Punishment to Legislator from the Perspective of Psychological Teachings
Delegating of Punishment to Legislator from the Perspective of Psychological Teachings

SHIRIN Shiehzadeh; Hossein Mir Muhammad Sadeqi; Abbas Sheikholeslami; Hamid Reza Mirzajani

Volume 20, Issue 25 , July 2023, , Pages 265-296

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2023.5209.1850

Abstract
  Punishment and power are in a process of reciprocal interaction as two social institutions derived from human behavior. Power determines punishment and punishment determines the scope ...  Read More
Challenges of Dispensing Justice; Apology and Forgiveness as New Horizons in the International Criminal Court
Challenges of Dispensing Justice; Apology and Forgiveness as New Horizons in the International Criminal Court

Hasan Poorbafrani; Sara Kiyani; Mohammad hasan Maldar

Volume 21, Issue 28 , December 2024, , Pages 267-298

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.6603.2063

Abstract
  The establishment of justice is one of the most important objectives behind the founding of the International Criminal Court, just as the Statute of this Court and its related rules ...  Read More
International Ecological Criminalization
International Ecological Criminalization

Ahmad Nasr Esfahani; Leila Raisi; Alireza Arashpour

Volume 17, Issue 19 , January 2020, , Pages 273-304

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2020.77.1006

Abstract
  A long with the development of international law in both criminal and environmental fields, the concept of ecosystem/ ecocide/ geoside was also invented and used by thinkers. ...  Read More
Risk Factors and Protective Strategies for Children in the Children and Young Persons Safety Act 1399
Risk Factors and Protective Strategies for Children in the Children and Young Persons Safety Act 1399

Sajjad Abbasi; Siamak Jafarzadeh; Sayyed Mahdi Salehi

Volume 18, Issue 21 , June 2021, , Pages 275-304

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2021.2883.1456

Abstract
  The factors such as child abuse and maltreatment by parents and parents fail to fulfill their obligations make children place at risk and children should be protected with applying ...  Read More
Guarantees for Protection of the Right of Possession in Confiscation and Forfeiture of the Crime Instrument from the Criticism of the Expropriation Discourse to the Limitation on Eminent Domain
Guarantees for Protection of the Right of Possession in Confiscation and Forfeiture of the Crime Instrument from the Criticism of the Expropriation Discourse to the Limitation on Eminent Domain

Hasan Ghasemi Moqadam

Volume 17, Issue 20 , July 2020, , Pages 277-308

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2021.1851.1304

Abstract
  The legislature for confiscation and the government seizure of property as the crime devices has not observed the principle of transparency and minimal substantive and procedural guarantees. ...  Read More
Population Growth through Criminal Interventions; A Look to the Approval Process and the Challenges of the Implementation of the Youthful Population and Protection of the Family Law
Population Growth through Criminal Interventions; A Look to the Approval Process and the Challenges of the Implementation of the Youthful Population and Protection of the Family Law

Mohammad Bagher Moghaddasi; Mehrangiz Roustaie

Volume 18, Issue 22 , July 2022, , Pages 285-312

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2022.3919.1625

Abstract
  The Policymakers’ concern over the decline in the population growth in the recent two decades make several plans and policies be suggested to change this process. The Youthful ...  Read More
Investigating the Evolution of Corporal Punishment Reactions in the Society of Afghanistan from the Perspective of Cultural Sociology
Investigating the Evolution of Corporal Punishment Reactions in the Society of Afghanistan from the Perspective of Cultural Sociology

Fayz Muhammad Fahimi Rasa; Sayyid Muhammad Javad Sadati; Abdolreza Javan Jafari Bojnordi

Volume 20, Issue 25 , July 2023, , Pages 297-324

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2024.5428.1888

Abstract
  The commutation of violent corporal punishment is a process that in most countries has taken place or is taking place. Afghanistan is not an exception to this rule and there have been ...  Read More
The Role of Technology in Social Control of Crime; Opportunities and Threats
The Role of Technology in Social Control of Crime; Opportunities and Threats

Sara Meshkin Sanjabi

Volume 21, Issue 28 , December 2024, , Pages 299-328

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.6818.2086

Abstract
  New monitoring technologies in the field of social crime control act like a double-edged sword, simultaneously bringing vast opportunities and threats. These technologies are considered ...  Read More
Challenges Facing the Additional Jurisdiction of the Criminal Court One
Challenges Facing the Additional Jurisdiction of the Criminal Court One

Esmail Haditabar; Issa Valizadeh

Volume 17, Issue 19 , January 2020, , Pages 305-338

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2020.1187.1193

Abstract
  J urisdiction of Criminal Court One is enumerated (reckoning; computation) in Article 302 of the Code of Criminal Procedure enacted in 1392 and Article 9 of the Law on anti-terrorism ...  Read More