Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1 Associate Professor, Department of law, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
2 Master's Graduate in Criminal Law and Criminology, Department of law, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
Abstract
The discourse of the Islamic left party believed in a state economy and activity in the cooperative sector, and did not consider the private sector to have a prominent role. The discourse of the Islamic right wing, which believed in a less governmental intervention in the economy and privatization, emerged with the victory in the 1368 presidential election and the election of the Supreme Leader. The question is, what effects did the dominance of the new discourse have on criminalization? In this article, using a descriptive-analytical method, library study, and an interdisciplinary approach, we have examined the emergence of economic discourse during the so-called Constructivist era, the interaction of Iranian legislative criminal policy actors with each other, and the formation of economic criminal laws. The findings show that the change in discourse led to a change in the list of crimes and that the economic discourse prevalent during this period had a positive role in the criminalization of certain behaviors. The article suggests that the future economic plans of political factions should be discussed in economic working groups consisting of economic and legal experts, and in light of expert review, strategies to counter economic threats should be formulated in the form of non-criminal laws, and that necessary criminalization should be achieved only as a last step.
Keywords
Main Subjects
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- Najafi Abrandabadi, Ali Hossein; Farajiha, Mohammad; Khanalipour Vajargah, Sakineh. (2017). “Discursive Characteristics of Bribery Crime in the 1980s”. Criminal Law and Criminology Studies, 4(2), 157-177. http://doi.org/10.22059JQCLCS.2018.65299 [in Persian].
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- Shamei, Mohammad; Shahbaz, Sara. (2015). Maximal Criminology. First Edition. Tehran: Jangal. [in Persian]
- Sinai, Vahid; Akbari, Sara. (2021). “A Study of Traditional Market Relations and Political Structure during the Hashemi Rafsanjani Period (1376-1368)”, Political and International Approaches, 13(1), 264-282. https://doi.org/10.29252/pIAj.2021.101838. [in Persian]
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-Ziba Kalam, Sadegh. (2005). "Eight Years with Hashemi and Eight Years with Seyyed Mohammad Khatami". Karagheed Journal, 11(162), 8-10. [in Persian]
-Dadgar, Yado-al-allah. (2018). Economic Systems, in: Encyclopedia of Economic Criminal Sciences, (with the help of Amir Hossein Niazpour). First edition, Tehran: Mizan. [in Persian]
- Delmas Marti, Miri. (2023). Major Systems of Criminal Policy. Translated by: Ali Hossein Najafi Abrandabadi. Tehran: Mizan. [in Persian]
- Detailed Discussions of the Islamic Consultative Assembly (23/03/1993), Fourth Session, Session 113, Official Gazette, Islamic Consultative Assembly Library, No. 14076. [in Persian]
- Detailed Discussions of the Islamic Consultative Assembly (28/03/1992), Fourth Session, Session 1, Official Gazette, Islamic Consultative Assembly Library, No. 13768. [in Persian]
- Detailed Discussions of the Islamic Consultative Assembly (08/04/1990), Session 222, Third Session, Official Gazette, Islamic Consultative Assembly Library, No. 13287. [in Persian]
- Detailed Discussions of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. (30/12/1992). Fourth term, session 64, official newspaper, Islamic Consultative Assembly Library, No. 13951. [in Persian]
- Ebrahimi, Nabil-al-allah. (2014). “A Comparative Study of the Concept of Security in Recent Schools of Security”. Strategic Studies Quarterly, 17(66), 7-30. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.17350727.1393.17.66.1.4 [in Persian]
- Faghihi, Abolhasan; Zakeri, Mohammad; Asadi, Ismail. (2014). “Evaluating the Performance of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in the Islamic Republic of Iran (Case Study of the Third to Eighth Parliaments)”. Strategy Quarterly, 23(3), 181-207. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.10283102.1393.23.3.4.4 [in Persian]
- Farah Bakhsh, Mojtaba. (1993). Utilitarian Criminology. Tehran: Mizan. [in Persian]
- Foroughi, Mohammad. (1998). Commission in Iranian Criminal Law (Legal-Criminological Analysis). Tehran: Dideban. [in Persian]
- Hashemi Rafsanjani, Akbar (1/09/1992). The Steps of the Construction Government in the First Half of 1371 for Economic, Cultural, Social, Political Issues, Ayatollah Hashemi Rafsanjani's Television Interview on the Occasion of Government Week, Interview Section, Hashemi Rafsanjani Documents Center. [in Persian]
- Hashemi Rafsanjani, Akbar. (2016). The Strength of Construction - Work and Memories of 1372, Vol. 1, Tehran: Maarif Enghelab Publishing House. [in Persian]
- Islamic Revolution Documents Center. (05/03/2014). Right-wing concerns for improving people's livelihoods. Articles, News Code 164, Available at: <https://irdc.ir/00002e> .[in Persian]
- Jafari, Amin. (2010). Fundamentals of Business Criminal Law. Tehran: Samt. [in Persian]
- Jamshidi, Maryam; Nawabakhsh, Mehrdad. (2016). “A Study of Ayatollah Hashemi’s Encounter with the American Object in the Constructive Period from the Perspective of Discourse Analysis”. Journal of Iranian Social Development Studies, 9(1), 35-53. http://sanad.iau.ir/fa/Article/821544 Full Text= Full Text. [in Persian]
- Kenari Damavandi, Ali. (2019). “Investigating the Role of the Militant Clergy Community in Iranian Politics until 2009”. International Journal of Nations Studies, 5(54), 101-116. [in Persian]
- Khanalipour Vajargah, Sakineh (2011). “Problem Analysis of Economic Corruption from the Perspective of Political-Security Concerns”. Razavi University of Islamic Sciences Criminal Law Doctrines, 18(22), 35-58. https://doi.org/10.30513/CLD.2022.3785.1594. [in Persian]
- Khanalipour Vajargah, Sakineh, Sakineh; Mohebbi, Jalil. (2018). “Discourses Affecting the Legislative Process”. Majles and Strategy Quarterly, 25(96). 71-98. [in Persian]
- Morteza, Razavi. (2019). Islamic Economic System Essays, Electronic Publication, Virtual Library Shelf, Binesh No Site, Available at: https://www.binesheno.com. [in Persian]
- Mahmoudian Esfahani, Kamran; Ardebili, Mohammad Ali; Ashouri, Mohammad; Mehra, Nasrin. (2018). "Challenges of Justification of Virtue-Oriented Criminology". Journal of the Excellence of Law, 13(2), 27-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/thdad.2022.533930.1859. [in Persian]
- Moeen-al-Dini, Javad; Entezar al-Mahdi, Mustafa. (2009). "Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the Presidency of Hashemi Rafsanjani and Mohammad Khatami". Encyclopedia (Research Sciences Unit), 2(3), 189-216. [in Persian]
- Mohseni, Farid. (2017). Economic Crime, in: Criminal Policy Against Economic Crime, (with the help of Amirhossein Niazpour). First edition, Tehran: Mizan . [in Persian]
- Moosaghi, Seyed Ahmad. (2006). "Political Economy of Iran during the Period of the Islamic Republic". Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, 71(0), 311-353. [in Persian]
- Naghipour Nasirabadi, Abbas; Alipour, Hassan. (2023). "Confronting Privatization with Corruption in Iran; Evaluating the Effectiveness of Preventive Supervision". Bi-Quarterly Encyclopedia of Economic Law, 29(21), 223-257. http://doi.org/10.22067/economlaw.202273935.1113 [in Persian]
- Najafi Abrandabadi, Ali Hossein. (1991). History of Criminal Developments (Generalities of Criminal Policy), (Master's Degree Lectures, Shahid Beheshti University). Available at: https://lawtest.ir. [in Persian]
-Najafi Abrandabadi, Ali Hossein. (2001). Criminology (Organized Crime), (Master's thesis, Shahid Beheshti University). Available at: https://lawtest.ir. [in Persian]
- Najafi Abrandabadi, Ali Hossein. (2002). Criminology (Social Control of Crime and Social Reaction), (Master's thesis, Imam Sadegh University). Available at: https://lawtest.ir. [in Persian]
-Najafi Abrandabadi, Ali Hossein. (2004). Criminology (Criminal Policy and Criminal Law Techniques), (PhD thesis, Shahid Beheshti University. A). Available at: https://lawtest.ir. [in Persian]
- Najafi Abrandabadi, Ali Hossein. (2004). Criminal Sociology (Sociology of Crime), (Master's Degree Lectures, Shahid Beheshti University). B. Available at: https://lawtest.ir. [in Persian]
- Najafi Abrandabadi, Ali Hossein. (2005). Criminology (Introduction to Criminology of Economic Crime and Economic Criminal Law), (Master's Degree, Shahid Beheshti University). Available at: https://lawtest.ir. [in Persian]
- Najafi Abrandabadi, Ali Hossein. (2011). From Criminology to Sociological Damage. Legal Research, 14 (Supplement No. 56), 1015-1032. [in Persian]
- Najafi Abrandabadi, Ali Hossein. (2013). New Criminology - New Criminology. News in Criminal Sciences, Volume 1, Second Edition, Tehran: Mizan. [in Persian]
- Najafi Abrandabadi, Ali Hossein. (2018). Criminal Policy Against Economic Crime, in: Criminal Policy Against Economic Crime, (with the help of Amir Hossein Niazpour). First edition, Tehran: Mizan. [in Persian]
- Najafi Abrandabadi, Ali Hossein. (2019). Criminal Sciences in the Face of Political Events. In: Encyclopedia of Criminal Sciences, Volume 4, Tehran: Mizan. [in Persian]
- Najafi Abrandabadi, Ali Hossein; Farajiha, Mohammad; Khanalipour Vajargah, Sakineh. (2017). “Discursive Characteristics of Bribery Crime in the 1980s”. Criminal Law and Criminology Studies, 4(2), 157-177. http://doi.org/10.22059JQCLCS.2018.65299 [in Persian].
- Najafi Abrandabadi, Ali Hossein; Golduzian, Hossein. (2018). “Postmodern Criminology and Its Approach to Crime and Criminal Etiology”. Criminal Law Research, 6(23), 9-46. http://doi.org/10.22054/jcLr.2018.22508. 1429. [in Persian]
- Najafi Abrandabadi, Ali Hossein; Habibzadeh, Mohammad Jafar; Shams Natri, Ebrahim. (1990). "Organized Crime in Criminology and Criminal Law". Modares Ulum Humanitas, 4(4), 53-73. [in Persian]
- Office for the Preservation and Publication of his Eminence Ayatollah Khamenei. (09/11/1993). "Communication of the General Policies of the Second Development Program". Announcements section, available at: < https://khi.ink/f/2692> .[in Persian]
- Office for the Preservation and Publication of the Works of his Eminence Ayatollah Khamenei. (07/03/1992). “Message on the Occasion of the Commencement of the Fourth Term of the Islamic Consultative Assembly”. Message section, available at: < https//: khi.ink/f/2620> [in Persian]
- Office for the Preservation and Publication of the Works of his Eminence Ayatollah Khamenei. (08/03/1374). "Statements in a Meeting with Representatives of the Parliament". Statements section, available at: <https:// Khi.ink/f/2753>. [in Persian]
- Panahi, Mohammad Hossein; Amini, Saeideh. (2013). “The Evolution of the Discourse of the Fighting Clergy Assembly”. Iranian Journal of Social Studies, 7(2), 29-58. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.20083653.1392.7.2.2.3 [in Persian]
- Pazhoyan, Jamshid; Taleblou, Reza; Quraishi, Nayreh Sadat; Jalalian, Katayoun. (2008). “Comparison and Economic Performance of States after the Islamic Revolution (Goals, Policies, Performance Development Programs)”. Development Strategy Journal, 4(15), 180-212. [in Persian]
- Performance Report of the Fourth Parliament. (22/04/1995). Research Assistant, Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, Report Code 2700649. [in Persian]
- Roshanfekr, Mohammad Mehdi. (1387). "Typology of Left and Right in Iran". Zamaneh Monthly, 8(78), 23-27. [in Persian]
- Sadra, Alireza. (02 /04/ 2011). The Fourth Parliament, the Right-wing Parliament that Behaved Left. Online News, available at https://Khabaronline.ir/x3nfn. [in Persian]
- Shamei, Mohammad. (2008). An Introduction to Criminology and Decriminalization. First Edition. Tehran: Jangal. [in Persian]
- Shamei, Mohammad; Shahbaz, Sara. (2015). Maximal Criminology. First Edition. Tehran: Jangal. [in Persian]
- Sinai, Vahid; Akbari, Sara. (2021). “A Study of Traditional Market Relations and Political Structure during the Hashemi Rafsanjani Period (1376-1368)”, Political and International Approaches, 13(1), 264-282. https://doi.org/10.29252/pIAj.2021.101838. [in Persian]
-Sinai, Vahid; Mohqar, Ahmad; Zamani, Somayeh. (2011). “Investigating the Role of the Third Islamic Consultative Assembly in Policy-Making, Case Study: The First Program and the Transition to the Construction Period (1988-1992)”. Journal of Political Science, 6(3), 75-106. [in Persian]
- Soltanfar, Gholam Reza; Shambyati, Houshang; Ezmet, Ali. (2017). "The Effect of Ideology on the Acquisition and Expansion of Criminal Law". Iranian and International Comparative Legal Research Quarterly. 10(37), 93-144. [in Persian]
-Ziba Kalam, Sadegh. (2005). "Eight Years with Hashemi and Eight Years with Seyyed Mohammad Khatami". Karagheed Journal, 11(162), 8-10. [in Persian]
)