This study ontologically explores the jurisprudential (Fiqhī) nature (quiddity and rationale) of various penal provisions based on primary Sharīʿa ruling categories, presenting the Fiqhī consequences of this essentialist understanding. The methodology is analytical, examining Fiqhī texts.
Findings reveal penal provisions possess a multi-faceted nature: prescriptive (Mawlawī), transactional (Muʿāmalaʾī), factual/objective (Wāqiʿī), and primary (Awwalī). They combine the Lawgiver's (Shāriʿ) establishment (Taʾsīs) and endorsement (Imḍāʾ). Rooted in legislative Maqāṣid (higher objectives), these provisions feature fixed (Thābit) elements, yet demonstrate variability (Mutaghayyir) in implementation and procedure, guided by requisite public interests (Maṣāliḥ lāzim al-taḥṣīl).
This innovative ontological analysis offers a layered, dynamic depiction of penal provisions. Significant Fiqhī implications include: demonstrating the untenability of prevailing jurisprudential conceptions about their nature; facilitating Sharīʿa-grounded penal theorization; acknowledging the influence of public interests (Maṣāliḥ) and rational developments in deriving penal rulings; and reinforcing an instrumental conception (ṭarīqiyyah) of certain variable elements, such as punitive methods and tools.
jahangiri, M. , Rajaeepoor, M. and حسینی زیدی, س. ا. (2025). The Ontology of Criminal Rulings Based on the Typology of Sharīʿa Rulings. Criminal Law Doctrines, (), -. doi: 10.30513/cld.2025.7041.2118
MLA
jahangiri, M. , , Rajaeepoor, M. , and حسینی زیدی, س. ا. . "The Ontology of Criminal Rulings Based on the Typology of Sharīʿa Rulings", Criminal Law Doctrines, , , 2025, -. doi: 10.30513/cld.2025.7041.2118
HARVARD
jahangiri, M., Rajaeepoor, M., حسینی زیدی, س. ا. (2025). 'The Ontology of Criminal Rulings Based on the Typology of Sharīʿa Rulings', Criminal Law Doctrines, (), pp. -. doi: 10.30513/cld.2025.7041.2118
CHICAGO
M. jahangiri , M. Rajaeepoor and س. ا. حسینی زیدی, "The Ontology of Criminal Rulings Based on the Typology of Sharīʿa Rulings," Criminal Law Doctrines, (2025): -, doi: 10.30513/cld.2025.7041.2118
VANCOUVER
jahangiri, M., Rajaeepoor, M., حسینی زیدی, س. ا. The Ontology of Criminal Rulings Based on the Typology of Sharīʿa Rulings. Criminal Law Doctrines, 2025; (): -. doi: 10.30513/cld.2025.7041.2118
)