Scientific Journal
Volume 22 (2025)
Volume 21 (2024)
Volume 20 (2023)
Volume 18 (2021)
Volume 17 (2020)
Volume 16 (2019)
Volume 15 (2018)
Volume 14 (2017)
Volume 13 (2016)
Volume 12 (2015)
Volume 11 (2014)
Volume 10 (2013)
Volume 9 (2012)
Volume 8 (2011)
Volume 7 (2010)
Volume 6 (2009)
Volume 5 (2008)
Volume 4 (2007)
Volume 2 (2006)
Volume 3 (2005)
Volume 1 (2004)
Research Article
The Prohibition on the Use of Biological Weapons from the Perspective of International Criminal Law and Islam
The Prohibition on the Use of Biological Weapons from the Perspective of International Criminal Law and Islam

aliasghar aghalar; Masoud Raei

Volume 19, Issue 23 , August 2022, Pages 3-32

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2022.4162.1667

Abstract
  Biological weapons, which have a historical history of use in terrorist acts and military conflicts have been especially noticed by developed countries today. The use of these weapons ...  Read More
Research Article
Prevention of Recidivism through Artificial Intelligence; Requirements and Limitations
Prevention of Recidivism through Artificial Intelligence; Requirements and Limitations

Shahram Ebrahimi

Volume 19, Issue 23 , August 2022, Pages 33-54

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2023.4345.1701

Abstract
  The astounding growth of the use of artificial intelligence in the fields of transportation, health and etc. is not hidden from anyone. Nowadays, the criminal justice system is also ...  Read More
Research Article
Complainant Victims in Detrimental Crimes to Public Morality
Complainant Victims in Detrimental Crimes to Public Morality

Abdolkarim Baniasadi; Valiollah Ansari

Volume 19, Issue 23 , August 2022, Pages 55-88

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2023.3805.1604

Abstract
  The situation of Iran’s legal system is ambiguous and controversial about who can be prosecuted for detrimental crimes to public morality (crimes against morality) and in other ...  Read More
Research Article
The Reflection of Criminal Justice Theories in the Statutes of the International Criminal Court
The Reflection of Criminal Justice Theories in the Statutes of the International Criminal Court

Bahram Pashmi; Heybatollah Nazhandimanesh

Volume 19, Issue 23 , August 2022, Pages 89-122

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2022.3109.1576

Abstract
  Justice is considered as one of the most complicated issues in the field of human relations, especially when steps are to be taken by the ICC in order to compensate for “victim’s ...  Read More
Research Article
The Martens clause in International Criminal Law; the Nature and Interpretive Functions
The Martens clause in International Criminal Law; the Nature and Interpretive Functions

Parisa Dehqani; Mohammad Hossein Ramazani Ghavamabadi; Mohammad Reza Alipour

Volume 19, Issue 23 , August 2022, Pages 123-156

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2022.3988.1634

Abstract
  Friedrich Van Marts, the representative of the Russian government, in the first Hague Peace Conference of 1899, stated that until a regular rule of war is compiled, the Contracting ...  Read More
Research Article
The Proofs of Qisas of the Debtor’s Murderer
by Relying on Unfamed View of Ṣāḥib al-Jawāhir and the Islamic Penal Code of 2013
The Proofs of Qisas of the Debtor’s Murderer by Relying on Unfamed View of Ṣāḥib al-Jawāhir and the Islamic Penal Code of 2013

Mansoureh Sohrabi Afqu; Sayyid Muhammad Hadi Qabooli Dorafshan; Muhammad Hassan Ha'eri

Volume 19, Issue 23 , August 2022, Pages 157-178

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2023.4211.1679

Abstract
  Qisas (Arabic: قِصَاص, lit. 'retaliation, accountability, following up after, pursuing or prosecuting') has been legislated in order to protect the public interest, but ...  Read More
Research Article
The Prospect of Overcoming the Obstacles of
the Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court in the Situation of Afghanistan
The Prospect of Overcoming the Obstacles of the Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court in the Situation of Afghanistan

Javad Salehi

Volume 19, Issue 23 , August 2022, Pages 179-202

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2023.4158.1665

Abstract
  The prosecution of war crimes in the ICC relies on the criteria provided in its statute. This situation is a manifestation of the fulfillment of the criminal sanctions in violation ...  Read More
Research Article
Defamation Crimes:
From Criminalization to Decriminalization and Civil Law Model
Defamation Crimes: From Criminalization to Decriminalization and Civil Law Model

Jamshid Gholamloo; Reza Daryaee

Volume 19, Issue 23 , August 2022, Pages 203-240

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2023.4836.1779

Abstract
  Traditionally, defamation against individuals has been criminalized in order to protect the value of reputation and dignity. Although criminal protection shows the great importance ...  Read More
Research Article
A Sociological Study on the Evolutions of
the Death Penalty in Afghanistan
A Sociological Study on the Evolutions of the Death Penalty in Afghanistan

Mahdi Qaemi; Abdolreza Javan Jafari Bojnordi; Sayyid Muhammad Javad Sadati

Volume 19, Issue 23 , August 2022, Pages 241-268

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2023.4280.1687

Abstract
  Capital punishment is considered as the most important and serious criminal reaction, which has undergone many changes in Afghanistan since 1747 AD (1160 AH). These changes have been ...  Read More
Research Article
The Effectiveness of Tallinn Manual 2017
on the ICC’s Jurisdiction in Establishing International Peace and Cyber Security
The Effectiveness of Tallinn Manual 2017 on the ICC’s Jurisdiction in Establishing International Peace and Cyber Security

Alireza Mohaghegh Harcheqan; Muhammad Ali Ardebili; Ebrahim Beigzadeh; Muhammad Ali Mahdavi Sabet

Volume 19, Issue 23 , August 2022, Pages 269-296

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2022.3192.1502

Abstract
  Paying attention to friendly relations and the necessity of resolving disputes in a way that prohibits governments from interfering in the affairs of other countries is an inevitable ...  Read More
Research Article
Behavioral Economics and the Issue of the Perception of Punishment: From Choice architecture to Critique of Behavioral paternalism
Behavioral Economics and the Issue of the Perception of Punishment: From Choice architecture to Critique of Behavioral paternalism

Ali Mehrabi; Farhad Allahverdi Meygooni

Volume 19, Issue 23 , August 2022, Pages 297-330

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2023.3921.1624

Abstract
  The use of cognitive and behavioral science considerations is an undeniable necessity for more accurate analysis of criminal behaviors and improving the deterrent function of punishments. ...  Read More
Research Article
A Comparative Study of Jurisprudential and Legal Documents (Evidence) of the Sentence
for the Death Penalty of an Adulterer
Who Committed Adultery with Maḥrams (incest),
the Subject of Article 224 of the Islamic Penal Code
A Comparative Study of Jurisprudential and Legal Documents (Evidence) of the Sentence for the Death Penalty of an Adulterer Who Committed Adultery with Maḥrams (incest), the Subject of Article 224 of the Islamic Penal Code

Zahra Vatani; Masoumeh Zamanian

Volume 19, Issue 23 , August 2022, Pages 331-360

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2022.3298.1522

Abstract
  Illegitimate sexual intercourse between a man and a woman is one of the crimes punishable by ḥadd [fixed punishment] in the Islamic legal system, and the Qur'an has determined a certain ...  Read More