Scientific Journal
Volume 20 (2023)
Volume 19 (2022)
Volume 18 (2021)
Volume 17 (2020)
Volume 16 (2019)
Volume 15 (2018)
Volume 14 (2017)
Volume 13 (2016)
Volume 12 (2015)
Volume 11 (2014)
Volume 10 (2013)
Volume 9 (2012)
Volume 8 (2011)
Volume 7 (2010)
Volume 6 (2009)
Volume 5 (2008)
Volume 4 (2007)
Volume 2 (2006)
Volume 3 (2005)
Volume 1 (2004)

The journal of Criminal Law Doctrines (CLD) is a multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open-access semiannual journal in Persian (with extended English abstracts and bibliographies) devoted to the fields of criminal law, legality principle, and due process of law, published by Razavi University of Islamic Sciences. The journal provides an open-access platform that encourages the dissemination of high-quality research articles exploring theoretical, doctrinal, and practical aspects of criminal law. Committed to academic integrity and excellence, CLD employs rigorous peer review and plagiarism detection processes to ensure the originality and scholarly value of all published works. Authors submitting to the journal are required to complete commitment and conflict of interest forms, reflecting the journal’s dedication to ethical publishing standards. CLD welcomes contributions that critically analyze criminal law principles, propose innovative legal interpretations, and engage with contemporary challenges in criminal justice systems. By fostering a vibrant scholarly dialogue, the journal aims to support legal academics, practitioners, and policymakers in enhancing the understanding and application of criminal law doctrines. The journal is dedicated to publishing original research articles, review papers, and other scholarly contributions considering the research ethics and research ethics and academic standards. 

 **********************************************************
About the journal:
Journal Title: Criminal Law Doctrines  
Country of Publication: Iran, Mashhad.
Publisher: Razavi University of Islamic Sciences
Scientific Sponsorship Society: The Iranian Criminal Law Association

Subject Area: Criminal Law, 
Islamic Criminal Jurisprudence, Islamic Criminal Law, Islamic Criminal Policy Strategy, Islamic Human Rights, Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh), Islamic Legal Systems, Legal Pluralism, Legal Pluralism in Islamic Law, Comparative Criminal Law, Hudud Punishments, Qisas and Diyat, Sharia Law.
Format: Print and Online
Print    ISSN: 2251-9351
Online ISSN: 2783-3704
Frequency: Semiannual 
Publishing Schedule: June and December
Language: Persian, including English abstracts and bibliographies.
Open Access: Yes, free access to articles
Article types: Research and review papers.
Primary Review: 10 days, approximately.
Peer Review Policy: Double-blind peer-review
Average refereeing time: 24 weeks
Acceptance percentage: 20%
Article Processing Charges: Yes. Publication charges are required from the author(s). Authors must pay a fee of 2,000,000 Iranian Rials for the review process, and an additional 7,000,000 Rials upon acceptance for publication. There is no charge if an article is rejected before the peer review process, and there are no submission fees. Processing and publication charges will be waived for international authors.
Citation Style: The APA citation style
Website: https://cld.razavi.ac.ir

E-mail: cld@razavi.ac.ir
Gmail: razaviunmag@gmail.com 
Tel: +98 (0)5132230772
Address: Office of the journal Criminal Law Doctrines, Razavi University of Islamic Sciences, Sahn Hedayat, Building No. 2, Mashhad, Iran. Postal code: 9134843333.
Indexing & Abstracting: WorldCat, ISSN-ROAD, Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC), National Digital Archives of Iranian Scholarly Journals, Noormags, Magiran, Google Scholar, etc. 
COPE: The journal of  Criminal Law Doctrines (CLD) follows the policies and guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and abides by its Code of Conduct in dealing with potential cases of misconduct. 
Copyright: Authors retain unrestricted copyrights and publishing rights.
Type of License: Creative Commons — Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Required files to upload: Authors must submit the following five essential files through the manuscript submission system: 1. Main Manuscript File (without the author details and prepared based on the provided template. 2. Title Page, 3. Authorship Form (must include the article title, full names of all authors, and be signed by all authors), 4. Conflicts of Interest Form (must be signed by the Corresponding Author and uploaded with the Main Manuscript File), and 5. Cover Letter (Please include any necessary information in the cover letter).

scientific
Supervision by a Specialized Judicial Body over the Execution of Punishments: A Comparative Study in French and Iranian Law
Supervision by a Specialized Judicial Body over the Execution of Punishments: A Comparative Study in French and Iranian Law

Mohammad Ali Babaei; Adnan Qasem

Volume 21, Issue 28 , December 2024, Pages 7-34

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.6374.2037

Abstract
  With the development of criminal law theory and the advancement of concepts such as reconstruction and rehabilitation of the convict, the attention of jurists and scholars has been ...  Read More
scientific
The Ontology of Criminal Decrees Based on the Typology of Sharia Rulings (Religious Law)
The Ontology of Criminal Decrees Based on the Typology of Sharia Rulings (Religious Law)

MOSEN Jahangiri; Mohammad-Sadegh Rajaeipour; Seyed Abolghasem Hoseini Zeidi

Volume 21, Issue 28 , December 2024, Pages 35-62

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.7041.2118

Abstract
  This research, with an ontological approach, seeks to discover and explain the nature and rationale of different types of criminal decrees in light of the main categories of Sharia ...  Read More
scientific
Prison as Courtroom; Electronic Trial of Incarcerated Defendants
Prison as Courtroom; Electronic Trial of Incarcerated Defendants

Mozhgan Nemati; Mohammad Jafar Habibzadeh; Mohammad Farajiha

Volume 21, Issue 28 , December 2024, Pages 63-102

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.7322.2162

Abstract
  This research analyzes the practice of "prison as courtroom" in the Iranian judicial system. The primary objective is to examine how the electronic conduct of trial sessions for incarcerated ...  Read More
scientific
The Political Legitimacy of Liberty-Depriving Punishment in Positive Law and Islamic Jurisprudence
The Political Legitimacy of Liberty-Depriving Punishment in Positive Law and Islamic Jurisprudence

Raziye Hasankhani; Amir Mahdi Azizi

Volume 21, Issue 28 , December 2024, Pages 103-126

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.6521.2053

Abstract
  Asignificant issue in the realm of sentencing, both in positive law and Islamic law, is the philosophical question of the "justification of punishment." Alongside the normative ethical ...  Read More
scientific
Feasibility of Restricting the Evidence for the Punishment (Hadd) of Drinking Intoxicants (Shurb al-Khamr), Based on the Existence or Probability of Reasonable Harm
Feasibility of Restricting the Evidence for the Punishment (Hadd) of Drinking Intoxicants (Shurb al-Khamr), Based on the Existence or Probability of Reasonable Harm

Sajad Danesh ara

Volume 21, Issue 28 , December 2024, Pages 127-150

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.6824.2089

Abstract
  Drinking Intoxicants (shurb al-khamr) enters the realm of religious obligation and is one of the behaviors whose punishment can, under certain conditions, lead to execution. Achieving ...  Read More
scientific
Criminal Legislation with in the Framework of the Idea of
Criminal Legislation with in the Framework of the Idea of "Universalizability"

Hadi Rostami

Volume 21, Issue 28 , December 2024, Pages 151-176

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.6990.2134

Abstract
  Universalizability" is one of the three formulations of the "Categorical Imperative" in Kant's theory, which considers the morality of rules to lie in their universality and applicability ...  Read More
scientific
A Reflection on the Approach of the Draft Amendment to Chapter Five of the Islamic Penal Code (Ta'zirāt) Regarding Forgery and Use of Forged Documents
A Reflection on the Approach of the Draft Amendment to Chapter Five of the Islamic Penal Code (Ta'zirāt) Regarding Forgery and Use of Forged Documents

Mohsen Sharifi

Volume 21, Issue 28 , December 2024, Pages 177-204

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.6425.2073

Abstract
  The innovations in the new draft of the Islamic Penal Code concerning forgery and the use of forged documents include the identification of additional forms of this crime and related ...  Read More
scientific
Challenges of Institutionalizing Restorative Processes for Juvenile Delinquency: A Comparative Study of England and Australia
Challenges of Institutionalizing Restorative Processes for Juvenile Delinquency: A Comparative Study of England and Australia

Fatemeh Tolouee; azade sadeghi

Volume 21, Issue 28 , December 2024, Pages 205-240

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.6339.2026

Abstract
  The institutionalization of restorative processes for juvenile delinquency, given the importance of reducing recidivism rates among these individuals, has been widely embraced by policymakers ...  Read More
scientific
A Comparative Study of Responsibility Distribution in
A Comparative Study of Responsibility Distribution in "Participation in Crime" and the "Theory of Symmetrical Interaction"

Mahdieh Maali; abolfazl alishahi

Volume 21, Issue 28 , December 2024, Pages 241-266

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.6109.2001

Abstract
  In some instances of involvement in a crime, the victim themselves also plays a role in the occurrence of the crime, such that they are both a perpetrator and a victim. This situation, ...  Read More
scientific
Challenges of Dispensing Justice; Apology and Forgiveness as New Horizons in the International Criminal Court
Challenges of Dispensing Justice; Apology and Forgiveness as New Horizons in the International Criminal Court

Hasan Poorbafrani; Sara Kiyani; Mohammad hasan Maldar

Volume 21, Issue 28 , December 2024, Pages 267-298

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.6603.2063

Abstract
  The establishment of justice is one of the most important objectives behind the founding of the International Criminal Court, just as the Statute of this Court and its related rules ...  Read More
scientific
The Role of Technology in Social Control of Crime; Opportunities and Threats
The Role of Technology in Social Control of Crime; Opportunities and Threats

Sara Meshkin Sanjabi

Volume 21, Issue 28 , December 2024, Pages 299-328

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.6818.2086

Abstract
  New monitoring technologies in the field of social crime control act like a double-edged sword, simultaneously bringing vast opportunities and threats. These technologies are considered ...  Read More
scientific
Challenges of Applying Artificial Intelligence in the Sentencing Process; A Comparative Study of the Iranian and Common Law Legal Systems
Challenges of Applying Artificial Intelligence in the Sentencing Process; A Comparative Study of the Iranian and Common Law Legal Systems

Fatemeh AlSadat Hashemi; Mohammad Ali Hajidehabadi; Mohammad Khalil Salehi

Volume 21, Issue 28 , December 2024, Pages 329-358

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.7075.2123

Abstract
  In recent years, the introduction of artificial intelligence into the realm of judicial governance has brought numerous challenges to legal systems. This article analyzes the characteristics ...  Read More
Requirements of Lawfare for the International Criminal Court and Its Paradigmatic Foundations
Requirements of Lawfare for the International Criminal Court and Its Paradigmatic Foundations
Volume 20, Issue 26 , November 2023, , Pages 379-412

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2024.5972.1982

Abstract
  The analysis of legal institutions from various perspectives encompasses ideas that lead us beyond mere legal analyses and reveal points that may not be immediately apparent despite ...  Read More
Examination and Analysis of the Article 7 of Tort Law
Examination and Analysis of the Article 7 of Tort Law
Volume 3, Issue 20 , June 2006, , Pages 3-22

Abstract
  By virtue of law or as a result of an agreement a guardian can undertake the responsibility of custodianship or taking care of a minor or an insane person. If the guardians whether ...  Read More
Criminalization in the Realm of Cryptocurrencies
Criminalization in the Realm of Cryptocurrencies
Volume 18, Issue 21 , June 2021, , Pages 29-68

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2021.1420.1230

Abstract
  The prominent characteristic of the third millennium and the age of information and communication of technology (ICT) can be looked speed and diversity in advances and innovations. ...  Read More
Review the Validity of the Equality of Diyya for Women and Men in the Contemporary Period the Historical-Sociological Study
Review the Validity of the Equality of Diyya for Women and Men in the Contemporary Period the Historical-Sociological Study
Volume 18, Issue 21 , June 2021, , Pages 171-194

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2021.2692.1424

Abstract
  The Islamic jurisprudential decree of the inequality of diyya (Arabic: دیة; blood money that has to be paid for homicide and bodily injury when there is no retaliation) for women ...  Read More
Doubt of the Islamic Legal Maxim of Dar’ (درأ) (Hudud Avoidance in the Case of Doubt) in the Law of Iran
Doubt of the Islamic Legal Maxim of Dar’ (درأ) (Hudud Avoidance in the Case of Doubt) in the Law of Iran
Volume 17, Issue 20 , July 2020, , Pages 3-28

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2021.1451.1236

Abstract
  The principle of Dar’ (درأ) as a assurance to protect defendants (the accused) from the imposition of punishment in the circumstances of doubt in their guilts. For the first ...  Read More
scientific
Criminalization of Cyber-terrorism Against the Security of Critical Infrastructure; Feasibility of Designing a Development Model within the Jurisdictional Framework of the International Criminal Court Statute
Criminalization of Cyber-terrorism Against the Security of Critical Infrastructure; Feasibility of Designing a Development Model within the Jurisdictional Framework of the International Criminal Court Statute

Peyman Namamian

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 14 October 2025

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.7238.2148

Abstract
  The commission of cyberattacks by terrorists, in addition to its growing impact on the economic, social, political, and security dimensions, poses the risk of violating the security ...  Read More
scientific
Expanding the scope of typically lethal behavior in judicial practice
Expanding the scope of typically lethal behavior in judicial practice

Saeed Ghaedi; mohammad farajiha

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 14 October 2025

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.7306.2159

Abstract
  According to Article 290(b) of the Islamic Penal Code of 2013, the second criterion for intentional murder is typically lethal behavior. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the present ...  Read More
scientific
The Dual Structure of Qisas and Pardon in the Punishment of Intentional Homicide: A Jurisprudential Reflection on the Relationship between Retributive and Restorative Justice
The Dual Structure of Qisas and Pardon in the Punishment of Intentional Homicide: A Jurisprudential Reflection on the Relationship between Retributive and Restorative Justice

mahdia maali; mohammad rassaii; A A

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 14 October 2025

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.6863.2096

Abstract
  Punitiveness and tolerance approaches, rooted in different foundations, constitute two predominant paradigms in the systems of criminal law. The former emphasizes punishment and retaliation, ...  Read More
scientific
Social Reintegration in Quranic Narratives within the Framework of Restorative Justice: A Case Study of the Stories of Cain, Pharaoh, and the People of Jonah
Social Reintegration in Quranic Narratives within the Framework of Restorative Justice: A Case Study of the Stories of Cain, Pharaoh, and the People of Jonah

Maedeh Movagehri; Hosain Aghababayi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 15 December 2025

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.7696.2202

Abstract
  One of the fundamental challenges in criminal policy is how to design responses to offenses and the effectiveness or efficiency of such responses. Restorative justice, as a novel paradigm ...  Read More
scientific
Reconstructivist Theory's Approach to Democratic Criminal Law with a Focus on the Iranian Criminal Justice System
Reconstructivist Theory's Approach to Democratic Criminal Law with a Focus on the Iranian Criminal Justice System

hossein gholami; عطیه پارسائیان

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 15 December 2025

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.7341.2168

Abstract
  The present article, adopting an analytical-comparative approach and with a brief reference to the Iranian criminal justice system, explores the capacities of Kleinfeld's Reconstructivism ...  Read More
scientific
The Role of the Economic Discourse of the Construction Era on Criminalization (1368-1376)
The Role of the Economic Discourse of the Construction Era on Criminalization (1368-1376)

Mohsen Eini; ُSaber Qamartabar

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 15 December 2025

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.7325.2163

Abstract
  The discourse of the Islamic left wing believed in a state economy and activity in the cooperative sector, and did not consider the private sector to have a prominent role. The discourse ...  Read More
scientific
Crimes against security in light of the principle of quality of laws
Crimes against security in light of the principle of quality of laws

Afshin Abdollahi; Azar Rezagholi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 January 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2026.7087.2124

Abstract
  The principle of quality of laws is one of the requirements of the principle of legality of crime and punishment, which today, due to the technicalization of criminal laws and the possibility ...  Read More
scientific
Law as a Tool and Challenge for Government Tax Collection; A Grounded Theory on the Behavior of Attorneys
Law as a Tool and Challenge for Government Tax Collection; A Grounded Theory on the Behavior of Attorneys

Hassan Ghasemi Moghadam

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 January 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.7117.2130

Abstract
  Objective: The purpose of this research is to explore the mindset and behaviors of attorneys at law regarding their obligation to pay taxes to the government. How do attorneys behave ...  Read More
scientific
The Hidden Dimension of State Crime under the Shadow of Labeling
The Hidden Dimension of State Crime under the Shadow of Labeling

hossein javadi hossein abadi; hassan poorbafrani

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 05 January 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2025.7455.2180

Abstract
  Objective: The aim of the present study is to conduct a criminological analysis of state crime through the labeling theory. This theory emphasizes the constructed nature of criminal ...  Read More
scientific
The Obligations of the Criminal Justice Systems of European States in Implementing the Prohibition of Torture (A Study of the Case-Law of the European Court of Human Rights)
The Obligations of the Criminal Justice Systems of European States in Implementing the Prohibition of Torture (A Study of the Case-Law of the European Court of Human Rights)

Morteza Rasteh; Nasrin Mehra; Behzad Razavifard; Mahdi Sabooripour

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 11 January 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2026.7371.2173

Abstract
  The European Convention on Human Rights, in pursuit of reinforcing and safeguarding the principle of human dignity, recognizes the prohibition of torture as one of the most fundamental ...  Read More
scientific
A Criminological Study of International Crimes in Light of the Theory of Social Forms
A Criminological Study of International Crimes in Light of the Theory of Social Forms

M F

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 January 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2026.7704.2205

Abstract
  Despite being among the most pressing issues confronting contemporary human society, international crimes have, for understandable reasons, received relatively little attention within ...  Read More
scientific
The Inefficiency of Mainstream Criminological Theories in Analyzing Rural Crime in Iran
The Inefficiency of Mainstream Criminological Theories in Analyzing Rural Crime in Iran

Zahra Rastaei; Amir Paknahad; Mehrdad Rayejian Asli

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 09 February 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2026.7548.2192

Abstract
  Criminological literature has historically been urban-centric, although crime and misdemeanor are not exclusive to urban areas. In mainstream criminology, which is the primary approach ...  Read More
scientific
The Criminal Jurisdiction of the Peace Court and Its Challenges
The Criminal Jurisdiction of the Peace Court and Its Challenges

yassin hassani; sajjad abbassi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 24 February 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2026.7508.2186

Abstract
  Jurisdiction is a foundational principle in criminal procedure, as the authority to adjudicate a case is contingent upon its prior establishment. Non-compliance with jurisdictional ...  Read More
scientific
The Future of Institutionalizing Restorative Processes for Children and Adolescent Delinquency in Iran: A Case Study of the Special Police for Children and Adolescents Bill
The Future of Institutionalizing Restorative Processes for Children and Adolescent Delinquency in Iran: A Case Study of the Special Police for Children and Adolescents Bill

Fatemeh Tolouee; Azade Sadeghi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 24 February 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2026.7654.2197

Abstract
  Objective:The Research goal is to analyze of legislator’s restorative approach intheSpecial Police for Children &Adolescents(SPCA)Bill from perspective of Restorative Justice(RJ)policies,aiming ...  Read More
scientific
Open or Closed Criminal Network in Criminal Policy (Conceptual Model)
Open or Closed Criminal Network in Criminal Policy (Conceptual Model)

Seyed Hossein Hosseini

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 18 March 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2026.8135.2247

Abstract
  Criminal policy has traditionally paid limited attention to systemic relationships among institutions and actors. Using a network analysis approach grounded in Delmas-Marty’s ...  Read More
Review
juridical analysis of Silence against  escape of prisoner or detainee based on prohibition of assistance to sin(with  emphasis on article 549 and 551 of islamic penal code , department of punishment)
juridical analysis of Silence against escape of prisoner or detainee based on prohibition of assistance to sin(with emphasis on article 549 and 551 of islamic penal code , department of punishment)

saeedeh rangraz; mohammad adibi mehr

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 January 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2026.5066.1824

Abstract
  Silence, against escape of a prisoner or detainee, means that a person does not act against the escape despite knowing about the escape and with the intention of helping or otherwise.Despite ...  Read More
Review
A reflection on becoming insane after committing a crime and before issuing a sentence A critique on note one of article 150 of the Islamic Civil Code and note two of article 13 of the Islamic Civil Code
A reflection on becoming insane after committing a crime and before issuing a sentence A critique on note one of article 150 of the Islamic Civil Code and note two of article 13 of the Islamic Civil Code

Meysam Kohantorabi; Marziyeh Sabzyan

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 18 March 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2026.7464.2181

Abstract
  According to Note 1 of Article 150 of the Islamic Penal Code, crimes are divided into public-rights (ḥaqq Allāh) and private-rights (ḥaqq al-nās). In the first, insanity blocks ...  Read More
scientific
The foundations and limits of the emergency legitimacy of torture in obtaining confessions from the accused from the perspective of Iranian jurisprudence and law.
The foundations and limits of the emergency legitimacy of torture in obtaining confessions from the accused from the perspective of Iranian jurisprudence and law.

s.Jafar Alavi gonabadi; Hosna Ezadpanah kazeme; ZAHRA ZORMAND BAFANDEH

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 April 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2026.5764.1949

Abstract
  This study adopts a jurisprudential and legal approach to examine the legitimacy of applying physical and psychological coercion to extract confessions under conditions of necessity. ...  Read More
scientific
The Application of Restorative Justice Practices in Cases of Intentional Homicide Committed by Juveniles: Challenges and Strategies
The Application of Restorative Justice Practices in Cases of Intentional Homicide Committed by Juveniles: Challenges and Strategies

Romina Doranipoor; Mohammad Farajiha

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 April 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2026.7646.2198

Abstract
  Restorative justice, as an innovative approach in criminal policy—particularly in the context of juvenile justice—aims to repair the harm caused by crime and facilitate ...  Read More
scientific
The Status of Criminalization of Forgery and Abuse of Fingerprint Whitewashing in Iranian law
The Status of Criminalization of Forgery and Abuse of Fingerprint Whitewashing in Iranian law

hasan hajitabar firozjaei

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 April 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2026.7742.2211

Abstract
  One of the fundamental challenges facing Iranian legal doctrine and judicial practice is the issue of criminalizing fingerprint forgery or misuse of fingerprint whites; because despite ...  Read More
scientific
Juvenile Status offenses; effective or harmfull?
Juvenile Status offenses; effective or harmfull?

Mahbube Amini

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 April 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2026.7846.2223

Abstract
  Status offenses are considered legal for adults based on a global criterion. Although the most important examples of status are school skipping, running away home, curfew, incorrigibility ...  Read More
scientific
Multilevel analysis of factors of sexual victimization of children and adolescents in cyberspace
Multilevel analysis of factors of sexual victimization of children and adolescents in cyberspace

mahmoud mahdavi; alireza ghaderi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 April 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2026.8000.2238

Abstract
  The central issue of the research is to identify various factors that facilitate or accelerate the process of child victimization in this complex environment. This research is descriptive-analytical ...  Read More
scientific
Feasibility study of the crime of theft regarding ornamental dogs in Iranian jurisprudence, law and judicial practice
Feasibility study of the crime of theft regarding ornamental dogs in Iranian jurisprudence, law and judicial practice

hosein andalib; seyedamir sekhavatian

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 April 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2026.7632.2195

Abstract
  One of the issues that has been raised in court cases is the theft of ornamental dogs. Some judges have ruled out the crime of theft in relation to these types of dogs, citing their ...  Read More
scientific
The approach of the Quran and visions in legislating the sentence of criminal intent
The approach of the Quran and visions in legislating the sentence of criminal intent

javad habibi tabar; Asadolah rohani

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 29 April 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2026.7454.2179

Abstract
  قصد مجرمانه از موضوعات اختلافی فقه جرایی است. توجه فقها تاکنون بر استنباط حکم اولیه آن (حرمت) بوده است. ...  Read More
scientific
Comparative study of Criminal Mediation in Delinquency of Juveniles in the Iranian and German Juvenile Justice Systems
Comparative study of Criminal Mediation in Delinquency of Juveniles in the Iranian and German Juvenile Justice Systems

Mehri Barzegar

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 05 May 2026

https://doi.org/10.30513/cld.2026.8187.2254

Abstract
  Criminal Mediation is a favorable solution to diversion. This measure is in accordance with criminilogical studies. The programs of mediation have already been implemented in Germany ...  Read More

Keywords Cloud

Related Journals